Underground Worlds
Traveling means discovering extraordinary places and immersing oneself in foreign worlds for many. But adventure does not always lie above the ground – deep underground, there are fascinating experiences that inspire wonder and awe. From natural caves to ancient catacombs and mysterious underground cities: the world beneath our feet offers spectacular insights into history and nature. Here are some of the most exciting underground destinations worldwide.
The Most Impressive Caves in the World
Caves are among the most fascinating natural phenomena and provide a real adventure for visitors. Particularly impressive are limestone caves, which appear to be from another world due to their formations of stalagmites and stalactites.
1. Mammoth Cave, USA
Mammoth Cave in Kentucky is the longest known cave system in the world and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Over 650 kilometers of explored passages extend here, yet vast areas remain uncharted. Visitors can participate in guided tours to experience some of the most spectacular cave rooms, such as the Grand Avenue and Frozen Niagara.
2. Waitomo Caves, New Zealand
The Waitomo Caves on New Zealand's North Island offer a unique natural phenomenon. The glowworms that shine in millions of tiny points on the ceiling transform the caves into a magical light landscape. A boat ride through the cave is a must for anyone wanting to experience this natural spectacle.
3. Postojna Cave, Slovenia
The Postojna Cave is among the most famous caves in Europe and features 24 kilometers of underground tunnels and halls. Visitors travel into the system on a cave train and can admire unique stalagmite formations. The cave is also home to the rare olm, a fascinating cave-dweller that lives exclusively here.
Catacombs and Underground Cemeteries
Alongside natural caves, there are numerous man-made underground structures that serve as catacombs or cemeteries. They often tell stories of long-gone eras and customs and are fascinating destinations for history lovers.
1. The Catacombs of Paris, France
The catacombs beneath Paris are a striking example of what lies hidden beneath the bustling streets of a metropolis. In the 18th century, the remains of millions of people were moved here to underground quarries due to overcrowded cemeteries. Today, visitors can explore the catacombs and walk through kilometers of passageways filled with carefully stacked skulls and bones – an impressive yet chilling experience.
2. Roman Catacombs, Italy
The catacombs of Rome are impressive not only for their size but also for their historical significance. These labyrinthine tunnels served in ancient times as underground cemeteries for the early Christians, who buried their dead here to escape persecution. Today, several of these catacombs can be visited in Rome, including the Catacombs of San Callisto and San Sebastiano, which provide valuable insights into early Christianity.
3. St. Michan's Church, Dublin, Ireland
In the crypts of St. Michan's Church in Dublin, some of the oldest preserved mummies in Europe can be found. The dry, lime-rich air of the vaults preserved the bodies, allowing visitors to view the well-preserved remains of long-deceased Dublin citizens. Although the burial site is smaller than the Parisian or Roman catacombs, it is no less impressive.
Underground Cities and Tunnels
In addition to catacombs and caves, there are also underground cities and tunnel systems that served as refuges or are still used today. These hidden worlds are fascinating and often serve as a testament to former civilizations and defense strategies.
1. Derinkuyu, Turkey
The underground city of Derinkuyu in Cappadocia, Turkey, is one of the most extraordinary underground structures in the world. Extending up to 60 meters deep, a labyrinth of living spaces, storage rooms, and even chapels once provided shelter for thousands of people. Researchers believe the city can be traced back to the 8th century B.C. and later served as a refuge during wars and invasions.
2. Setenil de las Bodegas, Spain
Setenil de las Bodegas is one of the few towns in the world built partially under rock overhangs. The town is located in Andalusia, where people live and work literally beneath a vast overhanging rock face. The rocks have protected the town from heat and weather for centuries, giving it a unique appearance that attracts tourists from around the world.
3. Shanghai Tunnels, Portland, USA
Underneath the streets of Portland, Oregon, lies a network of tunnels known as the "Shanghai Tunnels." These tunnels are said to have been used to recruit workers and sailors unnoticed – a process referred to as "Shanghaiing." Today, visitors can take tours through this dark chapter of the city's history and learn about the grim history of these secret tunnels.
Tips for an Unforgettable Underground Exploration
Visiting such places often requires more preparation than ordinary travel tours. Here are some tips for your underground adventure:
- Observe safety precautions: Many of these places are unpaved or poorly lit, so sturdy footwear and a headlamp are recommended.
- Local guided tours: A guided tour is often the best way to learn more about the history and features of the caves or catacombs.
- Appropriate clothing: Temperatures in caves and underground tunnels are usually low. Warm clothing is advisable even when it's warm outside.
- Respect and caution: Especially in catacombs and crypts, it is important to be respectful and cautious, as they are often historically and culturally significant sites.
Conclusion
Exploring the world beneath our feet offers a unique experience and the chance to view history and nature from a completely new perspective. Whether you visit the mysterious catacombs in Paris, the impressive limestone caves in New Zealand, or the underground city of Derinkuyu – these underground worlds will provide you with an adventure you won't soon forget. Pack your sense of adventure and dive into the fascinating depths of these hidden wonders!